Dinosaur Revolution

Dinosaur Revolution is a four-part American nature documentary produced by Creative Differences.[1][2] It utilizes computer-generated imagery to portray dinosaurs and other animals from the Mesozoic era. The program was originally aired on the Discovery Channel and Science.

Dinosaur Revolution was released to mixed reviews, with some citing the quality of its animation and a lack of seriousness in its tone as reasons for criticism. It was, however, praised for its educational content and general energy.

Background and production history
Production of the series began in spring of 2009 (after several months of pre-production)[2] and took three years in total.[4] The series was built around several short- and long-form stories taking place in a number of distinct environments spanning the Mesozoic era. Originally titled Reign of the Dinosaurs, the series was intended not as a documentary, but as a six-hour series of fictional narratives based loosely on the comic book Age of Reptiles by Ricardo Delgado, and employing no narration.[5] Each episode was to be instead followed by one of a companion series, called Science of Reign of the Dinosaurs, which would feature scientists explaining the basis for the preceding story, and pointing out which parts were speculative or imaginary. Due to cuts and changes in marketing strategy by the network and production company, the series was eventually renamed Dinosaur Revolution, and divided into a more traditional format inter-cut with "talking heads," or brief explanations from scientists. The series was also cut from the planned six hours to four.[5] Of the four finished episodes, the first was originally planned to feature the Triassic Chinle Formation of the southwestern United States, and to include Coelophysis, Placerias and Postosuchus in the storyline. However, during production the sequence was changed to the older Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, and the featured animals changed to Eoraptor, Ischigualastia and Saurosuchus. For this reason, the Ischigualastia model remained anatomically based on Placerias.[6] Scenes featuring Cryolophosaurus and Glacialisaurus were shot in Tenerife.

The second episode, titled "The Watering Hole," was originally intended to highlight the Jurassic Morrison Formation of western North America, which has been featured in numerous dinosaur documentaries. At the suggestion of science consultant Tom Holtz, the setting was changed to the contemporary Lourinhã Formation of Portugal, and like the first episode, some species were swapped for equivalents in the new location. This resulted in televised appearances of dinosaurs such as Draconyx.[6] Similarly, the Cretaceous Mongolia sequence (which took place during the third episode) was set in the Wulansuhai Formation rather than the near-contemporary, and more familiar, Djadochta Formation. Therefore, it featured the first film appearances of the species Velociraptor osmolskae and Protoceratops hellenikorhinus in place of the more well-known V. mongoliensis and P. andrewsi.[6] Some of the events of "The Watering Hole" were based on Holtz's own research, such as the scenes featuring an Allosaurus whose lower jaw was wounded by the tail of a sauropod.[8] Most species in this show were scientifically reported to Portugal by the Portuguese paleontologist Octávio Mateus. Not all animals featured in the finished program were based on specific species from the fossil record. Some, like the aquatic crocodyliform in the Utahraptor sequence and the carnivorous notosuchian in the Anhanguera sequence (both aired during the third episode), were left intentionally unnamed.[6]

Notable artists involved in the production include David Krentz (who had previously worked on John Carter of Mars and Disney's Dinosaur),[9][10] Ricardo Delgado (famous for his comic book Age of Reptiles),[9][10] Tom de Rosier (who had worked on Lilo & Stitch and Mulan),[10] Mishi McCaig (who had worked on Iron Man),[10] Pete Von Sholly (who had worked on The Mask and Darkman),[10] and Iain McCaig (one of the artists involved in the production of the Star Wars film series).[9][10] Previous efforts which the creators cited as inspiration include Looney Tunes,[11] Avatar, Up, and WALL-E.[10]

The modeling, texturing, and painting of the various creatures featured in the episodes was done by Creative Differences in ZBrush, while animation and rendering were done in Maya by various other companies that had been employed by Creative Differences. These included Mokko in Montreal, Kinkajou in the UK, Sauce FX, and Hawaii Animation Studios.[2] Hawaii Animation Studios also used a program known as Bakery Relight for rendering.[12]

Miniature sets, along with physical special effects were designed and filmed by, Los Angeles based, Tindall Vision Laboratories by director John Tindall. The sets include the dramatic Troodon segment staged on a post asteroid-impacted world.[10][13]

Plans have been made to incorporate the best footage from the series into a feature-length film[14] directed by Werner Herzog.[4] The film, if approved by Discovery Channel, would be released before the film adaptation of BBC's Walking with Dinosaurs.[4]

A press release by the Discovery Channel initially led to some confusion about the production of the series, leading some to believe that the project had been produced by Pixar rather than Creative Differences.

Original airing
The first two episodes of Dinosaur Revolution aired on Discovery Channel on 4 September 2011. The final two episodes were scheduled to air 11 September 2011 on Discovery Channel. However, out of respect for the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks, a last-minute schedule change replaced them with nine-eleven related programing.[16] These two episodes were rescheduled to air on Science on 13 September 2011.

Incomplete segments and errors
Stories which were cut or not completed during production were to have featured animals such as Megapnosaurus,[18] Placodus, Mixosaurus, Nothosaurus,[19] Iguanodon, Agilisaurus and Prenocephale.[20] The Prenocephale model was re-used as a pachycephalosaur in the final episode (centered on the Hell Creek Formation).[20] A segment featuring an unknown pterosaur (which was suggested by biology professor Michael Habib) was also planned but could not be prepared in time for the Discovery Channel airing.[21] Artist Pete Von Sholly, who was involved in the production, expressed regret over the way the production was handled and cuts were made. In Von Sholly's opinion, some of the best sequences were left unproduced; cuts were made not based on the quality of the story, he claimed, but on how far along in the production process the segments were.[14] However, director David Krentz has stated that sequences were cut based on story quality.[2]

Additionally, some relevant scientific discoveries were published too late into production to have been incorporated into the program. For example, the mosasaur in the first episode lacked a tail fluke, the discovery of which came immediately after the CGI model was completed, according to director David Krentz.[22] (Note that this CGI model is referred to as the genus Mosasaurus by the web site for the program,[23] while Krentz has stated it was a Tylosaurus.[22])

Possibilities of an alternate version
At various points in time, Pete Von Sholly has suggested and even confirmed the release of a new version of Dinosaur Revolution. In a blog entry from 9 September 2011, he noted that a "proper version" would "see the light of day".[3] On 10 September, Von Sholly commented on a Dinosaur Revolution review, suggesting the possibility of a "creator's cut" version of Dinosaur Revolution which would correct problems which he alleged were caused by the network.[24] Finally, on 14 September, Von Sholly commented on another Dinosaur Revolution review, confirming the existence of a new version consisting of the best material from the show, without any narration, that would be released on Blu-ray Disc. This marked the basis for the film version of the series, Dinotasia.