Branchiosaurus

Branchiosaurus (Greek for "gill lizard") is an extinct genus of small, lightly-built early prehistoric amphibians. Fossils have been discovered in strata dating from the late Pennsylvanian Epoch to the Permian Period. The taxa may be invalid; the material referred to the genus may be juvenile specimens of larger amphibians.

This tiny amphibian was very similar to the Rachitomi, differing primarily in size. Other distinguishing characteristics include a less ossified skeleton and a shorter skull. Clear traces of gills are present in many fossilized samples, hence the name.

Originally thought to have vertebrae distinct from rachitomous vertebrae, it was placed in a separate order named Phyllospondyli ("leaf vertebrae"). Later analysis of growth stages showed increasing ossification in larger specimens, which showed that it was the larval stage of much larger rachitomes like Eryops.