Haplorrhini

The haplorrhines, the "dry-nosed" primates (the Greek name means "simple-nosed"), are members of the Haplorrhini clade: the prosimian tarsiers and all of the true simians. The simians are the catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including humans) and the platyrrhines (New World monkeys).

The omomyids are an extinct group of prosimians, believed to be more closely related to the tarsiers than to any strepsirrhines, and are considered the most primitive haplorrhines. The Darwinius specimen from Messel has been suggested as the earliest known true haplorrhine.

Classification and evolution
Haplorrhini and its sister clade, Strepsirrhini ("wet-nosed" primates), parted ways about 63 million years ago (mya). Approximately 5 million years later (58mya), only a short time afterward from an evolutionary perspective, the infraorder Tarsiiformes, whose only remaining family is that of the tarsier (Tarsiidae), branched off from the other haplorrhines. This could explain why the prosimian tarsiers show characteristics which once caused them to be grouped with the strepsirrhines.

The remaining clade (Simiiformes [formerly Anthropoidea]) is divided into two parvorders: Platyrrhini (the New World monkeys) and Catarrhini (the Old World monkeys and apes). The New World monkeys split from the Old World about 40 mya, while the apes diverged from the Old World monkeys about 25 mya. The current theory has the ape/monkey split happening in Africa. However, the recent discovery of three new anthropoid fossils (Bugtipithecus inexpectans, Phileosimias kamali and Phileosimias brahuiorum) in Pakistan's Bugti Hills is causing some scientists to revise this thinking.

In the cladist perspective of daughter groups nested within ancestral groups, humans and extinct bipedal humanoids, (including australopithecines, Kenyanthropus platyops and a few others) -are grouped together in the tribe Hominini. Hominines are classed together with knuckle-walking apes (formerly known as pongids) and are collectively referred to as great apes [Hominidae] because they each possess all the traits indicative of that clade. Similarly, all apes, large or small, living or extinct, (including humans) still share all the definitive biological traits of Haplorrhini in general, and Catarrhini specifically, and are members of each of those clades also. The following is the listing of the various haplorrhine families, and their placement in the Order Primates:
 * ORDER PRIMATES
 * Suborder Strepsirrhini: non-tarsier prosimians
 * Suborder Haplorrhini: tarsiers, monkeys and apes
 * Infraorder Tarsiiformes
 * Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers
 * Infraorder Simiiformes
 * Parvorder Platyrrhini: New World monkeys
 * Family Callitrichidae: marmosets and tamarins
 * Family Cebidae: capuchins and squirrel monkeys
 * Family Aotidae: night or owl monkeys (douroucoulis)
 * Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
 * Family Atelidae: howler, spider and woolly monkeys
 * Parvorder Catarrhini
 * Superfamily Cercopithecoidea: Old World monkeys
 * Family Cercopithecidae
 * Superfamily Hominoidea: apes
 * Family Hylobatidae: lesser apes (gibbons)
 * Family Hominidae: great (large) apes including humans